ONLINE-COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

“I want to build a bridge to the 21st century in which we expand opportunity through education, where computers are as much a part of the classroom and blackboards”(Clinton,1996). Computers are recommended by educators and administrators as a regular audiovisual aid in the Philippines classroom. Many policy makers, school administrators and teachers believe that computers, if used widely in the Philippines school system, can significantly improve the quality in the country.
Since its introduction in the market twenty years ago, many business, schools, and homes have adopted the desktop computers in the amount of information they offer via networking to a wide range of database. The graphics these students are studying represent only one of the many options and capabilities offered by today’s educational software. Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) can practically increase the student access to information. Good teachers must appreciate the great role of motivation in the learning situation. It may just be among the many factors affecting learning, yet motivation is greatly essential and effective in the learning situation. Motivation stimulates learner to create a desire to learn and an inspiration to do the attainable. Teachers must also recognize that teaching is a good and effective written it is based of the psychology of learning, which is the learner should be made as the center of the education process.
Considering this teachers show always try to individualize when dealing with their students in the classroom. Teachers should attempt to know each student as an individual identity, accommodate, and respect different types of intelligence and learning styles and to recognize student’s strengths and weaknesses. However educators are now looking into the possibility of the pupils at the elementary level using computers in learning process.
Wedman (1:61) found it quite revealing that elements of a good lesson related to the instruction.
Function is provided by CAI software. Computers can be used for learning and teaching in school in at least 3 ways first, learning involves acquiring information computers are especially unlike to co rooms and video disk that electronically store thousands of articles. Visual images and sounds enable students to search the electronic equivalent of a video library to answer their own question or simply to browse through amaze fascinating and visually appealing information. Second, learning involves the progressive developments of skills like reading and mathematics that are basic academic enablers. Software called “Computer Aided Instruction” or CAI, poses questions to students and compares each answer with a single correct answer. Typically, such programs respond to wrong answer with an explanations and another similar problem. Sometimes the CAI program is embedded in an enter-thinking game- like context that holds students interest and yet maintains student’s attentions on a academic work. Third, learning involves the development of a wide variety of analytic competencies and involved understanding.
In a brief span of time, starting only within the 2nd half of this century, computers in various forms have become ubiquitous instruments. New education technologies have changed forever the way students learn and teachers teach. As educators become more keenly aware of their responsibility to deliver the best quality education to students, they cannot afford to ignore information technology. Education involves information; learning, is concerned with acquiring absorbing information.
The aim of providing quality education was addressed by using the CAI in the education setting. It is in this premise that the researcher has under this studying on the effects of Computer Aided Instruction in the learning of Production Management.
Finally, a large element in learning is communicating with others finding and engaging an audience with one’s idea and questions.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Most students are ashamed ask questions to their teachers so they could not catch-up with the lesson being discussed. The tendency then is looking their interest on the subject. Topics in Production Management are interrelated to one another, once the student did not understand properly the present topic; it is difficulty for her/him to understand the succeeding topics.

Specifically, the system intended to answer the following:
1. What are the problems encountered by the students in learning Production Management?
2. How important is a Computer Aided Instruction on Production Management?
3. What are the advantages of the developed system in terms of:
Efficiency in:
Searching information about Production Management;
Giving complete information in Production Management;
Providing clearer illustrations and presentation of Production Management rather than books.
User-friendliness in:
Easily navigating the system and;
Motivating the users in researching.

1.3 Significance of the Study

The study serves as an alternative guide to college of Computer Studies students who are having difficulty in learning production management. Students can discover in his own pace, the advantage and benefits he/she can get from the developed system. Unlike teachers, it would not show sign of impatience; therefore, users would feel comfortable in their study. It would give them eagerness to achieve their main goal as learner. The developed software provides quick access on lessons that were very confusing by selecting the desired topics, and present it in an easy to understand method, and to those topics which needed deeper understanding. Also, with the developed system, the students can concentrate on a specific topic, they find more difficult and learn at their own pace.

1.4 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study covers discussion on Production Management. It benefits the target users in terms of:
· Providing information and exercises on every topic on Production Management and presents the lesson in each chapter in a way that is easy to understand yet interesting.
· Presenting lessons with graphical animation to make the discussion on every topic and theory more presentable.
· The developed system is done in a user-friendly manner, so that the user would be properly guided.
· Glossary is included
· The developed system provides a voice-over narration and discussion of the topic.

1.5 Delimitation

The system only covers the following topics:
a. The Production and Operating function;
b. Methods of Forecasting;
c. Capacity requirements planning;
d. Financial Analysis of operating pals;
e. Determination of Economic order quantities;
f. Layout, Handling, and Location decision;
g. Resource procurement and operations control;
h. Project scheduling and resource allocation;
i. Development of efficient work methods;
j. Work measurement techniques;
k. Employee motivation; and
l. Quality Assurance.

. The study is conducted at the College of Computer Studies, Tarlac State University. The respondents of the study are the production management students of the College of Computer Studies students who have taken the subject on the school year 2007-2008.
· The developed system is for stand-alone. Meaning networking is out of its scope.
· The developed system is intended only as an alternative or supplementary tool in studying this subject. It is not intended to replace the teacher’s position.
· Exercises are for review purposes

1.6 Theoretical Framework

The Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) program designed to serve as a teaching tool, would enables students to work at their own pace and make the teaching of Production Management shills more information and take less time in doing CAI, in the field of learning demonstrated an increase in motivation to children and adult like.
In addition, computers, the machines utilized in the CAI, method, offer much greater potential for teaching learning process. They can be programmed to judge students insert to tailor lessons to each individual level of mastery. This put teaching and learning in tutorial mode. In a tutorial mode, CAI method can present instructional input and require mastery of each step in ways that were not emphasized in the traditional method.
This study considered and adopted different principles, methods and concepts in effective teaching-learning process. Moreover, some important in the field of Educational Psychology are also taken in consideration.

1.7 Definition of Terms

To give clarity and better understanding over some words in this material, the researchers provided a definition of terms list of the following words used.
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all definitions so as to guide the reader.
CAI (Computer Aided Instruction). This refers to the use of computer system as an educational tool in classroom, industrial and military training.
Database. It refers to the repository of information on Production Management.
Exercise Menu. it measures the user-acquired knowledge on certain topic. Each exercise gives accurate result on how the user responds to every test.
GANTT chart. Refers to a scheduling tool that diagrams starring and ending dates of tasks.
Management. It involves the coordination of human and material resources toward the attainment of organizational goals. It is getting the tasks done through people and techni9ques toward the attainment of objectives within the organizational setting (Matias, 2005).In this study it covers the objectives, organizational, structure, staffing, directing, monitoring and evaluation of program performance and budget.

Production. The act of process of producing.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter covers the presentation of some studies and investigation related to the study

2.1 Related Literature

According to shore (1998), in this book “Introduction to Information System” “He explained that CAI promises to improve the quality of education, makes learning more interesting and improves the educational productivity”. In CAI, computers are used to teach a subject to students or other user, generally on an interactive basis.[1]
According to Henry C. Lucas Jr. “In CAI, computer used to teach a subject to students or other user, generally on an interactive basis such as that computer provides correct and reliable answer. The advantage is the main attribute of the Computer-Aided Instruction, which gives more advantages over the traditional method of teaching in its one to one relation in a one-to-one situation. The student is in control of the speed and the orders of lessons in the course are presented it is highly effective for self-motivating high achieving learners since they can go on at faster phase and learn more at the shortest possible time.[2]
In the book of Arnold David entitled “Computer and Society Impact” as cited by Canlas Et.Al. (2002). He explained that “No matter how many tries, it takes someone to learn something, a CAI program unlike human teachers, would never become frustrated, impatient, or angry. Furthermore; CAI software never get tired and is always available.[3]
A CAI would help the students in a one to one situation. The student is in control of the speed and orders of lesson in the course. The student can always review past lessons to ensure complete understanding of the subject matter proceeding to the next lesson by backtracking.

2.2 Related Studies

2.2.1 Foreign Studies

Based on the study of Bergman and Cheney (1996), they found out that CAI increases learner knowledge when it involves the Synergy of multiple senses.
Learners were found to retain new knowledge better when there curriculum was presented with a combination of formats of text, sound, graphics, and video. However, they noted drawbacks when CAI is not customized for a particular organization; and a tendency for a instructors to not provide the same level of personal attention to the learners.[4]
In the study conducted by many learners, they noted, “computers are not allowed to take charge of their own learning thorough direct exploration, expression, and experience.[5]
The computer-based program combines on screen video with hypertext information linkages which allow students able to complete the course materials at their own pace without the need for an instructor to be present.[6]

2.2.2 Local Studies

According to Legaspi,”Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) is an information system that is focus on automatic instruction though the use of interactive multimedia facilitated through computers. All information system is a system that used information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate or display information used in one or more business processes as well as other processes.[7]
According to Canlas Et.Al. Based on their study, ‘A CAI system on selected chemistry laboratory experiments”. The developed CAI system is an effective instruction material because it appeals to the senses.[8]

CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter contains the necessary data, data gathering techniques and information needed in the development of the study the researchers identified the method needed in the implementation of the system and they discussed how the method was used,

3.1 The library research. One of the research designs that are used to help the researchers. This methods was used to help the researchers in referring through books, magazines and others reading material. It so took a lot of time in reading and researching at the school library, to have an idea in a better documentation of the study and gathered reliable information about the Computer Aided Instruction with graphical user interface. It is necessary to gathered information in the library that is related to the study. This method satisfies the needs of the users in gathering information about the problem in Production Management.
3.2 The Descriptive Research Method. Best-suited design for the study. This method covers all the necessary techniques when it come up to research some of this are the gathering of related literature and studies by using the facilities and resources in the library, the world wide web of the internet and other documentary research which are relevant in the study.
To gather data that are related in the study, the proponent’s have conducted survey in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Theses are some of the effective methods for gathering data information. After analyzing through the data and information
gathered from the questionnaires and interviews have taken place. In this case, the targets of this study are the students of Tarlac State University, College of Computer Studies who are in the field of Production Management.

3.3 Research Instrument used

The researchers use the following instrument in order to expand their understanding about the study and formulate the appropriate solution in answering the problem involved.

3.3.1 Observation. the researchers used this technique in data collection they have come up with the ides of designing the system. Through the observation of the current system, the researchers were able to identify the strength and weaknesses on the annual process.
3.3.2 Questionnaires. a set of carefully prepared and logically ordered questions that are soft administered by the respondent. Questionnaires are used by the research study as a data gathering instrument which is significant to determine or evaluate the performance of the developed system.
3.3.3 Interview. To cross check responses made of the questionnaire, the researchers have interviewed College of Computer Studies student and instructor in order to know what are the current problems encountered in using the tradition way of teaching Production Management. Data collected from the interviews were made as initial basis come up with the developed system.
3.3.4 Internet. The World Wide Web has been a great help by providing relevant and verifiable information with respect to the proposed study.


3.4 Tools Used in the Development of Software

The researchers conducted system analysis where problems and or opportunities are discovered. Software requirement specification was used as basis in designing yhe system. The CAI in Production Management using the following software.

3.4.1 Visual Basic. A type of objected-oriented programming language and environment developed by Microsoft for the Windows Operating System.
3.4.2 ActiveSync. Act as the gateway between your Microsoft Windows powered PC and Windows Mobile powered device and allows you to synchronize Microsoft Outlook Information, Microsoft Office Documents, pictures, Music, Videos and application s to and from your device.